From bb6a1f7e315a0330442d45f82dce07b467093610 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SpookyDervish <nchand05@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Jan 2026 11:54:32 +1100
Subject: [PATCH] print decimal numbers

---
 OVMFbin/OVMF_VARS-pure-efi.fd | Bin 131072 -> 131072 bytes
 kernel/bin/CustomOS.img       | Bin 48000000 -> 48000000 bytes
 kernel/bin/kernel.elf         | Bin 10000 -> 10536 bytes
 kernel/lib/cstr.o             | Bin 3016 -> 5024 bytes
 kernel/lib/kernel.o           | Bin 2160 -> 2688 bytes
 kernel/src/cstr.cpp           |  80 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/src/cstr.h             |   7 ++-
 kernel/src/kernel.cpp         |  10 ++++-
 8 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/OVMFbin/OVMF_VARS-pure-efi.fd b/OVMFbin/OVMF_VARS-pure-efi.fd
index 344dbbec0817138266bcb74fa06dbf0edfe31189..25ae79481bce63dc083872ea2e0625966a808d67 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 60
zcmZo@;Am*z*kGnLd7G-z<ONm=ENKi343iszwoSGQIRX-#<WaCWC2Y>j%?)99G&g<t
Pz|_3p)Aj|Q7zKC%%FY?W

literal 131072
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diff --git a/kernel/bin/CustomOS.img b/kernel/bin/CustomOS.img
index 25971e4e81cd9fa49ca7ee616d2ce40173df4fd5..5d6e59bb7bfd1946d24b88c975c4982b8c5880c9 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 5605
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z4#puk6dlnChoLhLM;CO(5$J~Q=z*T-h2A(4N%TQqq|gujaTEq%AO>MDhTv!n#V{0N
zIF7-w7=hz(JWjw!jKXM)!HF1)lQ0hBaWaZ90TVF^r(iNp#c7y=shEb-F&$^17&9;v
zXW}f(!fc$4b8s%s!yJ_0d|ZIJxDXe?xES*=9}BP$mtYYt#bsEGCAb_*aRsi#GDKL8
zt8g{0!3tc9mADSqV-;3o4Q{}VxCuAo7Tk*4a69h6owy5k;~w0L`>+=G;{mM0dOV1S
z@Gu_1qj(G(uo0W^IG(^}Jc+09G`8RwY{j#94$tESyoi^u4KL#ryo&934X@)3l;Tai
Rg}38(X-B-<ntS5me*jjdza;<w

diff --git a/kernel/bin/kernel.elf b/kernel/bin/kernel.elf
index a0de7ed70b97f7994f15efdc4bde1f5a60bb5ea8..195adf7c090c13d3b0a11a69730fee8f6411210d 100755
GIT binary patch
literal 10536
zcmeHNTWl2989uYN!A7LBIHV<os!Ky1T<F#df&_}1CC->p!es+kAt}@{_AcgTyX##r
z36~XH5|6e{{8Uv*L>{V&s;WfQ2e%~=tletuw6wK^A1sB?g^)6dF?Nl?8yaQ${b$b1
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z#9acnXq5>wi<XM@rjJ97_oMeb^mv@Y&Yg$|=T2e;exU+|3KS|(s6e3tg$fiZP^dtm
z0)+|`Dp06Ep#t|+fm&7jSk(@tR4qKFYPGr=Q&MWI7IR;znCqB3Y2L>@@R^tY?cTNR
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zDu}w5gjH!k?VNp#LdP<tO1&{<P;;nJWlVzoXuK5iE0nR|TY!=hPCD@ZXuO=`x_oq>
zVHjOVwTtH(y}A(f(zWnqlxwI@nGlwTD9_<m_|RkR#hma0nqkKv4$f)~h3?b)zAy|f
z!8&=Bbq$q(p0%XP#k|fH18s8&x9hIQyv3cqa>6uUF+xpAn5W?4XYuf{uCDj3%b_O_
z7m4wpDo98@^^ddWP$w^`+JM@l7ZF$PRwklxsY97iqlZ#u`_Cnm8*DhJ#@6W>Dq25j
z^?V8yXeJ$0RVl7k_Ndz5I%+4mtNadhIGF5ItK{z52~2NP_NooNYUd--Z!y*}(@79_
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zTTtocjZA8HN^@sUFYN*o@4)=%8Z`_r$*lgG^HoRnL(^V?fZ(kH{XO`@nS958xB%&I
z#c^=VFn*QAKW_660yn^4M8R10iz*}%ApN&-%osO}i=Z~&ao*N{5Aff?PiFByu=(eK
z$F3X3M_K#}Hve<r>n9B3QWpP1n?Db6Id2%ok*xS$w&Pm`yakWA1zG%W+x)G-+wjQ#
zPNw~B+&s_kAoyYM@m`e9@98xEZSc2(PjYttMf<t^HPzKCT?=uAD_x#t?j>%IYf06T
z<yD@lrDW{(gG?2({~Eax58no#cN_e1;IpX9cyf$Iu%_`t9OdXbFD)>5Z-D+72jRCI
zgfe!~By2Y**@?_Ifr!9~lKf+$afKW9y1<X~k60MHB;=0^ToLlTroc`L{9XPJFvfT<
z06Qb_#Z(Xs-lL!&;vm0kg&kgdV3%?5I9-@vMEIGpNl=ovhF44~0OiAL1s)L}oABO(
zPJ_VzB~0;q0{Bm{=5?NL8jhHRy=vjEZ2V2&<oAOj6Hl6i{Z`;+voXed7QEMloroxK
zM9BZyvj3O~SU7vSzHMj2Mt^goKj;s-8(LdgLtDt4?Dhwn{d+jp<Zs{HQnx7-+}XTi
zLpanL4n4{0URv*2nx+1PFC40Fst+o=8g}gh-%}N8scV8cXzgWFZFrVLXa!_Uk;WXA
zCRPVdeZ%g$hNj(hf%=_$as)zH=f<$i2X7%|m+!d-M%uwp9>;m~sy&L&<EaVO@AYpF
z2Lk?}Z-sADji;_=!}`tn#Fu=jcsePHIlanPg{4ba7$N7>7iyX1qjILrG&ZrumhkpH
z{#+&IZac6yRKFcG6f`N-pU*=6_7HOiTN>*_^~~Me67suuG>6@-!IoBkFm!;q{Y`ZN
z%AdKnx3w{ML(AU1{^pQqpa&%Q6P({wQ@+U(A70ttr&)e-KFFFc^u>0Q{$9;xDhOgO
z=$xZp35fO(OW*qL%;f@zQDqYQY<+)b0jn^<EoAHagnggOl=u@dGe)j{4S0l!+n6zz
z5EhQ@@8txX8~<~_$;Fg7#eGio%^X%ZnbgWXQ*NQq-y)b4BW<l#{BwjbZJ&1R0wWSx
dU@okE&SF`9t@SKS^677=FeNryf`aDi{~xqEMeP6p

delta 880
zcmZWnUr1A76#u^4Hr>?j+;q+~xaxHCPh~IKKg1drZ#@{4k`LJuWo|7rY8nc)flw|H
zHqJ{#7*r2E^b&zDm9C_Q5LDp9C?5=pZWI)op{R5_-@P|UI&khe-|zQ3=X~FHzXvDc
z?Qy5=mXWB|ss$2vCF+_iA(OTYnG)xATLM&D1!&@KGo_E-yKQjY;o$mq!X3v;ZmJyo
zC4-S&<%EpqTlwkEEI%zS)3;+uD&3SOi;IwWWv~)y(rCuCd#+Q8eU`?)H)i-kF&$eS
z7Z)<TRZM3jz9A{aQgZiiMUi5nj0Ig-fay;^|0C(=_lW6XhpNr;R|^j15#r}hJy+X&
zgEP)<?xO{sInNpf%LoB)=|Q1!O;Kirw2jEW)>+RN(xkXFqbLeCP020mFjea8&usip
zSy7%6m)N;e;wKjdX~Ou$Ovo&UxnJT3lJb6an_F9^abR4U5Lf%8dPB7bwPB-NhXd#5
z9w+E+Gvo+P+6scO5Q(r`J-pp|jq?_mwvE#KoLqvZB~Q_VSw-2gg)iRZ7m@E>R+Jo!
zoApOnHBsv~Fdjqx-M>8dS{1Z;y$1wOTYG1%0QSlexL;Xxv<-DOLJ8<ELG6oJmyS2+
zfBzoqhc=AP^nYKDItQ^Ukf<u557{^JLD#IY+d@;%it#Htt9_&Qtk>fT;)Mh^AYg(P
zRlkJfA<y(91`SZ}1k+V?rjH659@PS2JmRoYRR~d+8=kl-c;BUPPjATA8wmOQJ;C$P
zQe6X=t4Hla!GUncpzmb(VsN1U_)z%5P#9`!W<ahHxR41f?iuQYd3P(NVDU7W0~Okg
nGT2*bhtnRHWn4$16mFm(w@MQ<!n~*1ypO#Zv<_9i=*j;BwrB5A

diff --git a/kernel/lib/cstr.o b/kernel/lib/cstr.o
index 2e7992654cba6450c0e9acd6d9391cf8de1f5249..0047c58fcee315425a7702fa08b72164c2165c99 100644
GIT binary patch
literal 5024
zcmds4U2GIp6h5;pE!Dy-29*er4Z+4@S+^zf7b8V7avuZ|q)`Y>E$wa#(r&YzmX=sq
zt<l|(24gf)V<L}6;{z{^Y5dtO$x8jLu@6nCq}C`4ZE0-_U4>ZBxpVJ!_O??&eBvZC
z=gxQj@6WlrCyb|`a%mb!(%=c0{gNnv$2~hP<-<}~3QM4jMSo+_wq(MX0(R0!vZ#?7
zF2GTWb$$1(MQnPAMSEF1nMG2))0k?HX%S<JwYR16j{TG{uEKDLo!phQnMBW#Rs1rV
zpyi;8X}wH~vBEfuejO>B=Aq^fki-Df9n7b9mQCUCYGF64>Si7HQqqxpH$go7RSciZ
zJNEi51-^#n*A{e6wXt_ZyhOGeSjQp?U4B+fRX^)6`f(!06UG%iVT{71_fU-4j$%>c
zR3}anO`zThv1E3{7z?+J<u&JaZAZ1?MO{9wZH#r~yU^$gCN!$WFsM?e@X$V}-<$`<
zoZRwh8l}-zO!bxhGcz;zab>{*qiq9N-+-tu_g3oLbldeU<l+CSFBOPld9x*E-GL=W
zGAh*WxC*U?H3`%KpcN0{q{gPplL>xM*WYF<yL1ZovDH*+0v0jqW|vv~FBgsCscj5*
zqeEY#E~wa%X3E9le{RF(#|o)I*qYoVp2;b#8{hxZ>hx0qJi-4lGh5?ZC}5c->|L-&
zu=Ww(gucw^kES9<U%0Jrd2@Ec=vzLayN&({rWeIn^s6M!B2cBGe^N&Y=wq>f{;1L4
zd>_}H)L&XcY61P(ICnUFKV1xZr<+=7#Le1`q=v6?&4S_8Skna(CBVyJD<TF&&pi|R
zx^n_J$law9#zh!@4zXP+eDU2eq3^e3q={$|wq9Sf+lrUQ?CwxWxZ@#loi6gmdXYw3
zjlR$aRz~uo=&>$}_L0R@62A$)bWxE^uaEIr={ZY9a|#PC*xFLqxnsvx&%--+mlb-7
zAM=)Yi#;X2l8wG%-v+Lejc*S=R17MC3$z$v^3K=9cOGIy%Pj`l@x7q6xV4q}xr^UG
z<yDB&L-Yt4Z(r(u&9!4mPF8`2DqQwBmje7kT*_SoB<AviLOz%wKcAMrDCECp$S<Vj
z?+f`*hWzKW{4*gxk&)l=bbbRuzBWU?IxW8;<ZJBy%ei|YnajvkHvBO&R|1fgp5;tw
z7GI4_>@NIVhMpva#o$5Y_t^aKxks!BAJPvaCkpd7z&7NhFZK9ZAhrh|?w=Ay3iCHW
zHFDC=r!9vx$lm}aa_(Qzk0MU`BSN3A6=LrSecWK2!WM&1kdyuoSr#xP@Vk+7|BC+S
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zSn-S*I$U3~r^#$+GNIzY7Bg6Z8VJ=vt-ociLa`4uYMoU!l%N;8(vf-m6mL|N%z2bH
zD>}6q=^cgYVAG+a{<#^>mQbB(LTmkzm<O76n&KOHMG)nRbyo2Q9Po!6@HcHZEs6C1
zqXT~30nZWpf|%V;$cAHEN&7$JfS-53e|Nyk#Qq{Nok^MhTMqaa4tS3PzDewB@}F<>
z-|T>&cECS&z`wWQOVR&zYk6nh=C>K}<4L%zD@U9g%EykccEHy;;0FXw;dPsTzfGV1
zQp&h5+i;pHiH|5a%@NUVagHfZyPpPuQ`}|vNIxDN6OleWl1jxu;<8UZui&yDh80})
zz0(RV`&&%GWgi<<aM`c0MRAh($bJRh#@0Hs@(^+}WN~Ubd=&B@t@N7y78AVHm1ZS)
z4>dM|Hx#r!s)BWO{(6+v2Ti{h@BH<RW@Xh2;=884$=eVLHuytkE837Je{Dq|R9WX2
z8QvcApgEN!mND(DRE(O%dP#vOUw*<$9MM{qrV%j^8zCtclkN|)r5-@E!eUT>oN#gc
z1Paip#FYXyKHaP2Q?>t8*oPH?M>-O`7&-YAX{M#pUgjwUw3qF)1wY8%X9scIE8?$G
zaGAg4Poi9o?W!X;S^r)%B2_j2abd6KCFftpI)Vd=uiATr;tC}>)t+|YeCwa2=7bdE
zZva|<`pqis<-E=pn@l!~AGqg4eA-SFN3|z4Wr-0%qJT($TP*!n%Hcg|KKl=;DI(GD
JDm$t6{{WA+2p0eV

delta 567
zcmZ3WenNbL29pQJMlBD<%|BSW7&rH@aWFD5FihUYzHagp4hiWP1_+R11k#Rt0&Psr
zyll*(j6CcdlNALdCkJp=L~#S91Q}Qu8X!vHv<{Fj#K6d)4blq)^-$Uh$OfqgN`XNG
zgklH)(jfJ#fDQlwDaOgaxQr(6<u;!DpF6SM1F9S(%Lc^1|3d&jR5?ui4^+GXhxkk!
z;!ALdpMr=Bfn3bM4#Y4Eu1-G4BX0W<NgFegYz&A41R!Y;lLy2Bf_+Hh9Fy<zc{8nI
zn!Jer9`6yT1X$JNhl0YB7YImjS%AC>1Obeb4+)qtv9JJxU2L*|pavHQ$UQ*Nz&P1S
z(2R+LWpb6E9g_mf<Xu3@2C7a-gUNwqvXzh>X8}}s#biez`N<1}Bse=jo&f@n$p?kZ
ixn4l!KQK&Y5;o(!!3vR#pX?}X&Upc<v}7`)pgaH=0D7qa

diff --git a/kernel/lib/kernel.o b/kernel/lib/kernel.o
index c2b5c75debcde403f57437b442bade1bee1d5120..d089ee4395c10f742b2aeb2e53bc16fc17299ad9 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 571
zcmew$&>%WNgNcECqSls)kL4!L=Hf78U|`t)fq`LSqY8%y5<3csodah}O=e^i=LK>Z
z7(yN|oqa@s^T1>U#wo%zj6e}bK7lqSXI?huaz-9@j>#WcBqu*$EZ_vo0i{(Y7cz-Y
zE?`PvoDE_zt_G94!Q^SM+y$mtjtucph6W}1@fpP>MVWc&xoG?>G=2#hKZ9X%HuF@*
zC6gIh#2I%?UdSvic>&~FAYcJvZXo{i9|E3$Wb6Ncq<{b<%LBwPSpkrbfB+=U0mLwI
z4J2_;K)}Rpki?PIhaidbA*s)Rhzny_P|LX4h((T(w;8GtsE2`J@<uk{$px$uTn9kz
z0fHHflP9s7F&$<E2D8}Y2do+}rUIJ=<B7?hZ1#*7CU>&gGrfVT01AJY%*k%gq`)-U
si`|YXf^BjayB%i*6U4lX$rstpIUg`Xc(*4Da+q^=ut9hwlLJ}h0da__Qvd(}

delta 242
zcmZn={U9(wgXsgyM6E4M`<W)*R-C+sQJf>>@zU8x6gV9wUtpXfbddoF9Qg#=n4Edp
zn9lI9b4+Grmzq3*seltK1(a2ptjH`rS%EoW@&o2sj2V-6vrJ`NIXRG3oN@2uk1XO$
zml!rXvB@zq-kAK5U4C){y98GOGssj1h8ql%7qOc$NiYJ<6r22kT?586;Lu={m>kJr
z&!{kYCWk$f4O9hC*kQ6Hr#({v<K!q#J0=g7$+I}^I8QJ_%;T8+kkg#=0uzKcXR;!f
NIcEh6gjWKx9RU9HJl_BS

diff --git a/kernel/src/cstr.cpp b/kernel/src/cstr.cpp
index 7916ca4..09c21fd 100644
--- a/kernel/src/cstr.cpp
+++ b/kernel/src/cstr.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,79 @@ const char* to_string(uint64_t value) {
 	return uintTo_StringOutput;
 }
 
+char hexTo_StringOutput[128];
+const char* to_hstring(uint64_t value) {
+	uint64_t* valPtr = &value;
+	uint8_t* ptr;
+	uint8_t temp;
+	uint8_t size = 8*2 - 1;
+
+	for (uint8_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+		ptr = ((uint8_t*)valPtr + i);
+		temp = ((*ptr & 0xF0) >> 4);
+		hexTo_StringOutput[size - (i * 2 + 1)] = temp + (temp > 9 ? 'A' : '0');
+		temp = ((*ptr & 0x0F));
+		hexTo_StringOutput[size - (i * 2)]     = temp + (temp > 9 ? 'A' : '0');
+	}
+
+	hexTo_StringOutput[size + 1] = 0;
+	return hexTo_StringOutput;
+}
+char hexTo_StringOutput32[128];
+const char* to_hstring(uint32_t value) {
+	uint32_t* valPtr = &value;
+	uint8_t* ptr;
+	uint8_t temp;
+	uint8_t size = 4*2 - 1;
+
+	for (uint8_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+		ptr = ((uint8_t*)valPtr + i);
+		temp = ((*ptr & 0xF0) >> 4);
+		hexTo_StringOutput32[size - (i * 2 + 1)] = temp + (temp > 9 ? 55 : '0');
+		temp = ((*ptr & 0x0F));
+		hexTo_StringOutput32[size - (i * 2)]     = temp + (temp > 9 ? 55 : '0');
+	}
+
+	hexTo_StringOutput32[size + 1] = 0;
+	return hexTo_StringOutput32;
+}
+char hexTo_StringOutput16[128];
+const char* to_hstring(uint16_t value) {
+	uint16_t* valPtr = &value;
+	uint8_t* ptr;
+	uint8_t temp;
+	uint8_t size = 2*2 - 1;
+
+	for (uint8_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+		ptr = ((uint8_t*)valPtr + i);
+		temp = ((*ptr & 0xF0) >> 4);
+		hexTo_StringOutput16[size - (i * 2 + 1)] = temp + (temp > 9 ? 55 : '0');
+		temp = ((*ptr & 0x0F));
+		hexTo_StringOutput16[size - (i * 2)]     = temp + (temp > 9 ? 55 : '0');
+	}
+
+	hexTo_StringOutput16[size + 1] = 0;
+	return hexTo_StringOutput16;
+}
+char hexTo_StringOutput8[128];
+const char* to_hstring(uint8_t value) {
+	uint8_t* valPtr = &value;
+	uint8_t* ptr;
+	uint8_t temp;
+	uint8_t size = 1*2 - 1;
+
+	for (uint8_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+		ptr = ((uint8_t*)valPtr + i);
+		temp = ((*ptr & 0xF0) >> 4);
+		hexTo_StringOutput8[size - (i * 2 + 1)] = temp + (temp > 9 ? 55 : '0');
+		temp = ((*ptr & 0x0F));
+		hexTo_StringOutput8[size - (i * 2)]     = temp + (temp > 9 ? 55 : '0');
+	}
+
+	hexTo_StringOutput8[size + 1] = 0;
+	return hexTo_StringOutput8;
+}
+
 char intTo_StringOutput[128];
 const char* to_string(int64_t value) {
 	uint8_t isNegative = 0;
@@ -60,6 +133,10 @@ const char* to_string(int64_t value) {
 
 char doubleTo_StringOutput[128];
 const char* to_string(double value, uint8_t decimalPlaces) {
+	if (decimalPlaces > 20) {
+		decimalPlaces = 20;
+	}
+
 	char* intPtr = (char*)to_string((int64_t)value);
 	char* doublePtr = doubleTo_StringOutput;
 
@@ -87,4 +164,7 @@ const char* to_string(double value, uint8_t decimalPlaces) {
 
 	*doublePtr = 0;
 	return doubleTo_StringOutput;
+}
+const char* to_string(double value) {
+	return to_string(value, 2);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/cstr.h b/kernel/src/cstr.h
index eca6b26..342bc2b 100644
--- a/kernel/src/cstr.h
+++ b/kernel/src/cstr.h
@@ -3,4 +3,9 @@
 
 const char* to_string(uint64_t value);
 const char* to_string(int64_t value);
-const char* to_string(double value, uint8_t decimalPlaces);
\ No newline at end of file
+const char* to_hstring(uint64_t value);
+const char* to_hstring(uint32_t value);
+const char* to_hstring(uint16_t value);
+const char* to_hstring(uint8_t value);
+const char* to_string(double value, uint8_t decimalPlaces);
+const char* to_string(double value);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel.cpp b/kernel/src/kernel.cpp
index beb83ce..0d47bab 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel.cpp
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,15 @@ extern "C" void _start(Framebuffer* framebuffer, PSF1_FONT* psf1_Font) {
 	newRenderer.cursorPosition = {0, 18};
 	newRenderer.Print(0xFFFFFF, to_string((int64_t)-1234976));
 	newRenderer.cursorPosition = {0, 36};
-	newRenderer.Print(0xFFFFFF, to_string(3.141, 2));
+	newRenderer.Print(0xFFFFFF, to_string(-3.141));
+	newRenderer.cursorPosition = {0, 54};
+	newRenderer.Print(0xFFFFFF, to_hstring((uint64_t)0xF0));
+	newRenderer.cursorPosition = {0, 72};
+	newRenderer.Print(0xFFFFFF, to_hstring((uint32_t)0xF0));
+	newRenderer.cursorPosition = {0, 90};
+	newRenderer.Print(0xFFFFFF, to_hstring((uint16_t)0xF0));
+	newRenderer.cursorPosition = {0, 108};
+	newRenderer.Print(0xFFFFFF, to_hstring((uint8_t)0xF0));
 
 	return;
 }
\ No newline at end of file