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to the Solstice documentation! Here we have a tutorial (starting here) and a specification for the Solstice programming language. If you’re new to Solstice, I’d recommend starting the tutorial, at the installation page. If you’ve already installed Solstice, start at the Basics page. Docs generated by mdBook.","breadcrumbs":"Introduction » Introduction","id":"0","title":"Introduction"},"1":{"body":"Solstice is fully supported and tested on Linux, however should work on most UNIX-like environments. Windows support is theoretically possible, however not all features are avaliable, so use WSL, MSys, or Cygwin instead.","breadcrumbs":"Installation » Installation","id":"1","title":"Installation"},"10":{"body":"Run this command in your terminal: bash -c \\"$(curl -fsSL https://sols.dev/install.sh)\\" This will: Download a shell script from https://sols.dev/install.sh Run the contents of the shell script in the bash command interpreter The script does the following: Checks if Ground and Solstice are installed on your system. If either Ground or Solstice aren’t avaliable, it will download, build, and install the source code. If Ground or Solstice are installed, it will update them to the latest version.","breadcrumbs":"Installation » Automated Build Script » Running the installer","id":"10","title":"Running the installer"},"11":{"body":"Refer to Build Dependencies for instructions on how to install dependencies. Build and install Ground: git clone https://chookspace.com/ground/ground\\ncd ground\\nmake\\nsudo make install\\ncd .. After this, build and install Solstice: git clone https://chookspace.com/solstice/solstice\\ncd solstice\\nmake\\nsudo make install\\ncd ..","breadcrumbs":"Installation » Building Manually » Building Manually","id":"11","title":"Building Manually"},"12":{"body":"Solstice programming language\\nUsage: solstice [-h] [--help] [-p] [--print] [-b ] [--bytecode ] [-c ] [--compile ]\\nArgs: : Solstice source file -h or --help: Prints this help message and exits -p or --print: Prints textual version of Ground bytecode to console -b or --bytecode : Generates Ground bytecode (.grbc) and saves it to the provided filename -c or --compile : Compiles Ground to Linux x86_64 assembly, outputs a binary to the provided filename (experimental) If no extra arguments are provided, the generated Ground bytecode will be executed.","breadcrumbs":"Command Usage » Command Usage","id":"12","title":"Command Usage"},"13":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Command Usage » Arguments:","id":"13","title":"Arguments:"},"14":{"body":"The Solstice source file to run. There should never be more than one file, as Solstice allows files to import each other, rather than compiling multiple files into one manually.","breadcrumbs":"Command Usage » ","id":"14","title":""},"15":{"body":"Shows the help message above.","breadcrumbs":"Command Usage » -h or --help","id":"15","title":"-h or --help"},"16":{"body":"Prints the textual version of the generated Ground bytecode to the console. This is useful for debugging the compiler, and ensuring the correct output is produced for the GroundVM.","breadcrumbs":"Command Usage » -p or --print","id":"16","title":"-p or --print"},"17":{"body":"Outputs Ground bytecode (in grbc format) and saves it in the file . Ground bytecode is useful for distributing software in a format where the target machine does not need Solstice installed, only the Ground VM. Run the compiled bytecode with: ground -b ","breadcrumbs":"Command Usage » -b or --bytecode ","id":"17","title":"-b or --bytecode "},"18":{"body":"Compiles the Ground bytecode to assembly using the Tram backend, outputting a binary named . Requires Ground to be built with Tram support, and Tram to be installed on your system. This backend is experimental and does not support all features.","breadcrumbs":"Command Usage » -c or --compile ","id":"18","title":"-c or --compile "},"19":{"body":"This part of the tutorial shows you the basics of using Solstice. Click next to see the “Hello, World!” program!","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Basics","id":"19","title":"Basics"},"2":{"body":"Use a prebuilt binary if you’re in a rush, or you can’t get a compiler on your system. Use the automated build script for a full install of Solstice and Ground, with maximum flexibility. Do a manual build if you intend to contribute to the Solstice source code.","breadcrumbs":"Installation » Which method is for you?","id":"2","title":"Which method is for you?"},"20":{"body":"Create a new file on your computer (preferably in a new folder) named main.sols. In the file, write the following: puts \\"Hello, World!\\" Save the file, then run in your terminal: solstice main.sols Solstice will run the file for you, which should print Hello, World! to the console. Here’s what it does: puts: Stands for “put something”. It’s Solstice’s built in “please print out this thing’s current state” operator. \\"Hello, World!\\": A string. A string is a collection of characters. In Solstice, you denote a string by surrounding your text with double quotes ( \\"). Next up: using variables!","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Hello, World! » Hello, World!","id":"20","title":"Hello, World!"},"21":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Variables » Variables","id":"21","title":"Variables"},"22":{"body":"In Solstice, you can initialize a variable using the syntax: name = value where: name is the name of your variable. You can use all letters in variable names, as well as underscores and numbers. The standard way to name your variables in Solstice is with camelCase. value is some sort of value. This value can be: an integer (number with no decimal place) a double (number with a decimal place) a string (collection of characters, as seen before) a character (a single letter) a boolean (either true or false) We’ll look at types of values in the next part.","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Variables » Creating Variables","id":"22","title":"Creating Variables"},"23":{"body":"Recall a variable’s content by using it’s name: puts name where name is the name of your variable.","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Variables » Recalling Variables","id":"23","title":"Recalling Variables"},"24":{"body":"In Solstice, there are 3 ways to do comments:","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Comments » Comments","id":"24","title":"Comments"},"25":{"body":"Writing // tells Solstice to ignore the rest of the line. Some examples: puts 2 + 2 // should be 4 // This variable holds the status code from checkStatus()\\nstatusCode = checkStatus(\\"file.txt\\") This comment should be used when writing your code’s logic in Solstice.","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Comments » // (Single-Line Comment)","id":"25","title":"// (Single-Line Comment)"},"26":{"body":"Any text in between /* and */ will be ignored. These comments should be used to document functions and structs (we’ll get to those later.) Example: /* Adds two numbers together.\\n*/\\ndef add(int a, int b) int { return a + b\\n}","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Comments » /* */ (Multiline Comment)","id":"26","title":"/* */ (Multiline Comment)"},"27":{"body":"Use this comment only for using Solstice as a script interpreter in a shebang. Effectively the same as //, but we recommend using // over #.","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Comments » # (Shebang Comment)","id":"27","title":"# (Shebang Comment)"},"28":{"body":"In Solstice, everything is a value, and every value has a type. Values can be moved around and passed to different functions, however to pass them around their type must be confirmed.","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Values and Types » Values and Types","id":"28","title":"Values and Types"},"29":{"body":"An int is a signed (meaning either positive or negative) 8-byte integer (meaning no decimal place). Using this size, Solstice can accurately process numbers between -9,223,372,036,854,775,807 and 9,223,372,036,854,775,807. Integers are represented as a collection of digits not seperated by anything, such as: 123\\n7483\\n423843269","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Values and Types » int","id":"29","title":"int"},"3":{"body":"Solstice binaries statically linked with Ground are avaliable from the Solstice releases page. For now, these are only for Linux x86_64, but more options may be avaliable in future. Download the latest release, copy it into a folder in your path (such as /usr/local/bin) and enjoy!","breadcrumbs":"Installation » Prebuilt Binaries » Prebuilt Binaries","id":"3","title":"Prebuilt Binaries"},"30":{"body":"A double is a signed 8-byte floating-point (meaning with a decimal place) number. Using this size, Solstice can accurately process numbers between 15 and 17 digits long. Doubles are represented as a collection of digits, with a dot ( .) seperating the ones and tenths positions, such as: 3.14\\n432.543\\n5907432.432","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Values and Types » double","id":"30","title":"double"},"31":{"body":"A string is a collection of characters which end with a null byte (handled by Solstice). Solstice can accurately process strings of any size, provided your computer has enough memory. Strings are represented as a collection of characters surrounded by double quotes ( \\"\\"), such as: \\"Hello, World!\\"\\n\\"Solstice is cool\\"\\n\\"Rust kinda mid\\"","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Values and Types » string","id":"31","title":"string"},"32":{"body":"A char is a signed 1-byte integer, represented as an ASCII character, however can also be used to represent a single byte in a stream. Solstice can accurately process any ASCII character. Characters are represented as a single character surrounded by single quotes ( \'\'), such as: \'a\'\\n\'b\'\\n\'c\'","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Values and Types » char","id":"32","title":"char"},"33":{"body":"A bool is a variable which can either be true or false. true\\nfalse","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Values and Types » bool","id":"33","title":"bool"},"34":{"body":"Solstice has three other types: fun, template, and object, but we’ll cover these in the Functions and Structures pages.","breadcrumbs":"Basics » Values and Types » Other Types","id":"34","title":"Other Types"},"35":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Functions » Functions","id":"35","title":"Functions"},"36":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Structures » Structures","id":"36","title":"Structures"},"37":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Naming Conventions » Naming Conventions","id":"37","title":"Naming Conventions"},"38":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Comment Conventions » Comment Conventions","id":"38","title":"Comment Conventions"},"39":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Code Layout » Code Layout","id":"39","title":"Code Layout"},"4":{"body":"There is a script on Chookspace which builds Solstice and Ground in a container. Use this script for building production releases, and determining whether bugs are setup-specific or affect all people. Use this script to produce prebuilt binaries for the releases page.","breadcrumbs":"Installation » Prebuilt Binaries » Producing release binaries","id":"4","title":"Producing release binaries"},"40":{"body":"This is a list of all reserved words in Solstice, seperated by new lines. These words may not be used as identifiers. After //, notes may be provided which detail exceptions to the reserved word, however, the word should still be treated as reserved regardless. puts\\nif\\nwhile\\ndef\\nlambda\\nreturn\\nuse\\nstruct\\nenum\\nconstructor\\ndestructor\\nduplicator\\nprivate\\nprotected\\nground // Only when targeting GroundVM\\nnew\\nas\\nsizeof\\npragma","breadcrumbs":"Reserved Words » Reserved Words","id":"40","title":"Reserved Words"},"41":{"body":"Comments in Solstice can be done in 3 ways:","breadcrumbs":"Comments » Comments","id":"41","title":"Comments"},"42":{"body":"Use // to tell Solstice to ignore text until the end of the line. This kind of comment should be used inside code to explain how parts of code work.","breadcrumbs":"Comments » // (Single-Line Comment)","id":"42","title":"// (Single-Line Comment)"},"43":{"body":"Use /* and */ to tell Solstice to ignore text in between the two markers. This kind of comment should be used for explainations of how functions and structs work, placed above the definition.","breadcrumbs":"Comments » /* */ (Multiline Comment)","id":"43","title":"/* */ (Multiline Comment)"},"44":{"body":"Use # to tell Solstice to ignore text until the end of the line. This kind of comment should be used in a shebang (writing #!/usr/bin/env solstice at the top of your entry point source file), not in the middle.","breadcrumbs":"Comments » # (Shebang Comment)","id":"44","title":"# (Shebang Comment)"},"45":{"body":"#!/usr/bin/env solstice /* This function does something. Input: funnyNumber: A funny number Returns: Another funny number\\n*/\\ndef doSomething(int funnyNumber) int { // Tell the user the number is funny puts \\"The number\\" funnyNumber \\"is very funny\\" // Now give them another funny number return 532\\n}","breadcrumbs":"Comments » Example","id":"45","title":"Example"},"46":{"body":"An expression in Solstice is a combination of operators and values (whether literal or stored in a variable).;","breadcrumbs":"Expressions » Expressions","id":"46","title":"Expressions"},"47":{"body":"“Precedence” is a number which dictates the order of execution. The higher the precedence, the sooner an expression will be evaluated.","breadcrumbs":"Expressions » Expression Types","id":"47","title":"Expression Types"},"48":{"body":"+: Adds two numbers on either side, or concatenates two strings Accepts: Two integers either side Two doubles either side Two strings either side An integer and a double on either side (order not significant) Returns: The sum of both values as an integer if both values are integers The sum of both values as a double if one value is a double and the other is an int, or both values are doubles The concatenated string when both values are strings Precedence: 5 -: Subtracts two numbers on either side Accepts: Two integers either side Two doubles either side An integer and a double on either side (order not significant) Returns: The difference of both values as an integer if both values are integers The difference of both values as a double if one value is a double and the other is an int, or both values are doubles Precedence: 5 *: Multiplies two numbers on either side Accepts: Two integers either side Two doubles either side An integer and a double on either side (order not significant) Returns: The product of both values as an integer if both values are integers The product of both values as a double if one value is a double and the other is an int, or both values are doubles Precedence: 6 /: Divides two numbers on either side Accepts: Two integers either side Two doubles either side An integer and a double on either side (order not significant) Returns: The quotient of both values as an integer if both values are integers The quotient of both values as a double if one value is a double and the other is an int, or both values are doubles Precedence: 6","breadcrumbs":"Expressions » Binary Mathematical","id":"48","title":"Binary Mathematical"},"49":{"body":"==: Checks two values to determine if they are equal Accepts: Any two values either side which are of the same type An integer and a double on either side (order not significant) Returns: true if both provided values are exactly the same. false otherwise. Precedence: 2 !=: Checks two values to determine if they are not equal Accepts: Any two values either side which are of the same type An integer and a double on either side (order not significant) Returns: true if both provided values are not exactly the same. false otherwise. Precedence: 2 >: Checks two numbers to determine which is greater Accepts: Any two numbers (int or double) either side Returns: true if the number provided on the left is greater than the number provided on the right. false otherwise. Precedence: 2 <: Checks two numbers to determine which is lesser Accepts: Any two numbers (int or double) either side Returns: true if the number provided on the left is lesser than the number provided on the right. false otherwise. Precedence: 2 >=: Checks two numbers to determine which is greater, or whether both are equal Accepts: Any two numbers (int or double) either side Returns: true if the number provided on the left is greater than the number provided on the right, or if both numbers are equal. false otherwise. Precedence: 2 <=: Checks two numbers to determine which is lesser, or whether both are equal Accepts: Any two numbers (int or double) either side Returns: true if the number provided on the left is lesser than the number provided on the right, or if both numbers are equal. false otherwise. Precedence: 2","breadcrumbs":"Expressions » Binary Comparative","id":"49","title":"Binary Comparative"},"5":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Installation » Build dependencies » Build dependencies","id":"5","title":"Build dependencies"},"50":{"body":"as: Converts between types. Accepts: Any object on the left, and a type which has an applicable conversion defined by the object on the right Returns: The object turned into the type on the right, in the way defined by the as-method .: Accesses object fields Accepts: An object on the left, and an identifier on the right which corresponds to a field or method in the object Returns: The object field or method the identifier corresponds to","breadcrumbs":"Expressions » Binary Misc","id":"50","title":"Binary Misc"},"51":{"body":"(...): Evaluates an expression inside the brackets before outside expressions. Accepts: Any expression inside the brackets (in place of ...) Returns: The result of the expression in the brackets Precedence: 7","breadcrumbs":"Expressions » Brackets","id":"51","title":"Brackets"},"52":{"body":"(...): Calls the specified function. Accepts: An identifier for the function before the brackets, then comma-seperated expressions corresponding to the function type signature (see Types -> Combined Types -> fun) inside the brackets (in place of ...) Returns: The function’s return type as specified by the function type signature (see Types -> Combined Types -> fun)","breadcrumbs":"Expressions » Function Call","id":"52","title":"Function Call"},"53":{"body":"new: Creates a new object from a template. Accepts: A template after the new keyword. A core type identifier Returns: An object based on the provided template, if provided with a template. The empty version of the core type, if provided with a core type, which is: int: 0 double: 0.0 string: \\"\\" char: \'\\\\0\' bool: false sizeof: Gets the size of something. Accepts: A string An object with an int size field Returns: The string length if provided a string The int size field of the object if provided an object","breadcrumbs":"Expressions » Unary Misc","id":"53","title":"Unary Misc"},"54":{"body":"Solstice is statically typed, meaning all values must have a known type before any code can be executed.","breadcrumbs":"Types » Types","id":"54","title":"Types"},"55":{"body":"These core types are automatically avaliable in Solstice. The words to identify them are reserved and cannot be reassigned.","breadcrumbs":"Types » Core Types","id":"55","title":"Core Types"},"56":{"body":"8-byte signed integer, equivalent to C int64_t or Ground -int. Examples: 32, 121, -5","breadcrumbs":"Types » int","id":"56","title":"int"},"57":{"body":"8-byte double prescision floating point number, equivalent to C double or Ground -double. Examples: 3.14, -2.7","breadcrumbs":"Types » double","id":"57","title":"double"},"58":{"body":"C-style null-terminated array of characters. Equivalent to C char* or Ground -string.","breadcrumbs":"Types » string","id":"58","title":"string"},"59":{"body":"1-byte signed integer, usually used to store a character, however can also be used to store bytes. Equivalent to C char or Ground -char.","breadcrumbs":"Types » char","id":"59","title":"char"},"6":{"body":"xcode-select --install Then, download UTHash here, and copy the contents of the include folder to /usr/local/include: sudo cp (/path/to/uthash-master)/include/* /usr/local/include","breadcrumbs":"Installation » Build dependencies » macOS","id":"6","title":"macOS"},"60":{"body":"1-byte unsigned integer, either 1 or 0. Represented by the reserved words true and false. Equivalent to C char (no stdbool.h) or bool (with stdbool.h) or Ground -bool.","breadcrumbs":"Types » bool","id":"60","title":"bool"},"61":{"body":"These types utilise core types to create new combinations. They take type arguments.","breadcrumbs":"Types » Combined Types","id":"61","title":"Combined Types"},"62":{"body":"Represents a function. Equivalent to Ground -function, or a C function pointer. Syntax: fun(...) type where: type is a type identifier, which will be the return type ... is multiple type identifiers, seperated by commas, which are the argument types Example: fun(int, string) bool This represents a function which takes an int and string as arguments, and returns a bool.","breadcrumbs":"Types » fun","id":"62","title":"fun"},"63":{"body":"Represents an uninitialized object. Equivalent to Ground -struct. Syntax: template(...) where ... is multiple pairs of: a type identifier for the field, and an identifier (representing the field name) seperated by commas. Example: template(int x, string y) This represents a template which, when initialized, has fields x (with integer) and y (with string).","breadcrumbs":"Types » template","id":"63","title":"template"},"64":{"body":"Represents an initialized object. Syntax: object(...) where ... is multiple pairs of: a type identifier for the field, and an identifier (representing the field name) seperated by commas. Example: object(int x, string y) This represents a object which has fields x (with integer) and y (with string).","breadcrumbs":"Types » object","id":"64","title":"object"},"65":{"body":"Variables are defined and modified with the syntax: name = value where: name is an identifier, and value is a literal, expression, or identifier previously assigned to a variable. All variables must have a known type and value at definition time. When updating a variable, the type may not change.","breadcrumbs":"Variables » Variables","id":"65","title":"Variables"},"66":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Scoping » Scoping and Lifetimes","id":"66","title":"Scoping and Lifetimes"},"67":{"body":"A “subscope” is a scope contained inside a function, created inside curly braces ( {}). Subscopes can view and modify variables avaliable in their parent scope. Subscopes may also create their own variables, however these will be destroyed when the subscope ends.","breadcrumbs":"Scoping » Subscoping","id":"67","title":"Subscoping"},"68":{"body":"A function scope is a scope created inside a function. Function scopes are created from a function’s attached closure, which is a snapshot of all variables at the time of function definition. The function’s attached closure cannot be modified. Function scopes also contain all arguments provided to a function. When the function finishes running (with a return), all variables are destroyed.","breadcrumbs":"Scoping » Function Scoping","id":"68","title":"Function Scoping"},"69":{"body":"Objects (see here) can contain a destructor which specifies custom behaviour for destroying itself. This is useful for: Freeing heap-allocated memory Closing a connection Closing a file The destructor will always be in the field destructor with type signature fun() int. It should be automatically called when the variable goes out of scope.","breadcrumbs":"Scoping » Destructors","id":"69","title":"Destructors"},"7":{"body":"sudo apt install gcc git make uthash-dev","breadcrumbs":"Installation » Build dependencies » Ubuntu/Debian","id":"7","title":"Ubuntu/Debian"},"70":{"body":"Objects (see here) can contain a duplicator which specifies custom behaviour for copying itself. This is useful for: Duplicating heap-allocated memory The duplicator will always be in the field duplicator with type signature fun((self) old) (self). It should be automatically called when the variable is: Copied into a new variable Put inside a closure Passed to a function","breadcrumbs":"Scoping » Duplicators","id":"70","title":"Duplicators"},"71":{"body":"Operators are bits of code intended to control how the program runs.","breadcrumbs":"Operators » Operators","id":"71","title":"Operators"},"72":{"body":"Stands for “put something”. Prints debug info to the console, followed by a new line.","breadcrumbs":"Operators » puts","id":"72","title":"puts"},"73":{"body":"int: The literal number, as formatted by C printf(\\"%\\" PRId64). double: The literal number, as formatted by C printf(\\"%f\\"). string: All characters in the string, as formatted by C printf(\\"%s\\"). char: The ASCII character corresponding to the number held, as formatted by C printf(\\"%c\\"). bool: If true or 1, print true. Otherwise, print false. fun: Print . template: Print , where: ... is a comma-seperated sequence of key: value, where: key is the identifier of the field. value is the properly formatted value in the field. object: Print